The substrate should be clean and sound, free of dust, loose particles, grease, oil, primers from previous membrane systems or bitumen. The substrate must be prepared by suitable mechanical preparation techniques such as high pressure water jetting, wet sandblasting, wire brushing etc. and properly pre-wetted to a saturated surface dry condition. Spalled concrete should be repaired by cutting out to sound concrete. Cracks, holes and honeycombs must be repaired and patched with E.M.SuperRepair prior to application.